The Spread of English across the Globe
The spread of English around the globe began from the 17th-century onwards.
It is first due to the colonization of North America and later due to the expansion of the British Empire in the 18th century.
The Pilgrims first arrived in 1620 at Plymouth, and a large number of British people moved to North America for religious, economic, and political reasons.
They established 13 colonies, which became the 13 original states after the Declaration of Independence in 1776.

After gaining political independence from Britain, America also wanted to achieve linguistic independence.
Noah Webster proposed a spelling reform and his proposals were contained in his dictionary published in 1828.
His new spellings were: -er for -re (e.g. theater/ theatre, center/centre), -or for -our (e.g. labor/labour, color/colour), -k for -que (e.g. check/cheque), single -l before a suffix (e.g. traveled/ travelled).
These changes became standard features of American English spelling, which explains why these words are spelled differently in British and American English.
Later, waves of immigrants from Europe arrived in America and the languages they spoke added many new words to English.
Examples of these words include: boss and cookie from Dutch; chowder and bureau from French; hamburger, kindergarten and allergy from German; and spaghetti and pizza from Italian.

From the 18th century, the British Empire had spread English through its colonies around the world.
The Empire expanded from North America to include colonies in Africa, Asia and Australia.

English continued to accept words from other languages.
For example, words like shampoo and pajamas came from India, kangaroo and boomerang from the Aboriginal languages of Australia, and safari and gorilla from Africa.
At its height, it was the largest empire in history and became the leading global power.
By the early 20th century, the Empire held sway over 412 million people (23 percent of the world population).
Commerce, science, technology, and education all contributed to English becoming the global language.
At the peak of its power, the British Empire was described as “the empire on which the sun never sets.”

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The Spread of English across the Globe
전 세계로 확산된 영어
The spread of English around the globe began from the 17th-century onwards.
영어의 세계적 확산은 17세기부터 시작되었습니다.
It is first due to the colonization of North America and later due to the expansion of the British Empire in the 18th century.
먼저 북미의 식민지화로 시작되었으며, 이후 18세기에 영국 제국의 확장으로 이어졌습니다.
The Pilgrims first arrived in 1620 at Plymouth, and a large number of British people moved to North America for religious, economic, and political reasons.
1620년에 최초의 순례자들이 플리머스에 도착했고, 종교, 경제 및 정치적 이유로 많은 영국인들이 북미로
이주했습니다.
They established 13 colonies, which became the 13 original states after the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
그들은 13개의 식민지를 세웠고, 이 식민지들은 1776년 독립 선언 이후 미국의 최초 13개 주가 되었습니다.
After gaining political independence from Britain, America also wanted to achieve linguistic independence.
영국으로부터 정치적 독립을 얻은 이후, 미국은 언어적 독립을 달성하기를 원했습니다.
Noah Webster proposed a spelling reform and his proposals were contained in his dictionary published in 1828.
노아 웹스터는 철자 개혁을 제안했고, 그의 제안은 1828년에 발표된 사전에 포함되었습니다.
His new spellings were: -er for -re (e.g. theater/ theatre, center/centre), -or for -our (e.g. labor/labour, color/colour), -k for -que (e.g. check/cheque), single -l before a suffix (e.g. traveled/ travelled).
그의 새로운 철자법은 다음과 같습니다. –re 대신 –er(예: theatre → theater, centre → center), –our 대신
–or(예:labour → labor, colour → color), –que 대신 –k(예: cheque → check), 접미사 앞에서는 l을 하나만
사용하는 것입니다(예: travelled → traveled).
These changes became standard features of American English spelling, which explains why these words are spelled differently in British and American English.
이러한 변화는 미국 영어 철자의 표준적인 특징이 되었으며, 이것이 왜 이러한 단어가 영국 영어와 미국 영어로
다르게 철자되는지 설명합니다.
Later, waves of immigrants from Europe arrived in America and the languages they spoke added many new words to English.
이후 유럽에서의 이민자들의 파도가 미국에 도착하였고, 그들이 사용한 언어들은 영어에 많은 새로운 단어를
추가했습니다.
Examples of these words include: boss and cookie from Dutch; chowder and bureau from French; hamburger, kindergarten and allergy from German; and spaghetti and pizza from Italian.
이러한 단어들의 예로는 네덜란드어로부터 온 boss와 cookie, 프랑스어로부터 온 chowder와 bureau,
독일어로부터 온 hamburger, kindergarten 및 allergy, 그리고 이탈리아어로부터 온 spaghetti와
pizza가 있습니다.
From the 18th century, the British Empire had spread English through its colonies around the world.
18세기부터 대영제국은 전 세계 식민지에 영어를 확산시켰습니다.
The Empire expanded from North America to include colonies in Africa, Asia and Australia.
제국은 북미에서 시작하여 아프리카, 아시아, 호주까지 식민지를 확장했습니다.
English continued to accept words from other languages.
영어는 다른 언어에서 단어를 받아들이는 과정을 계속했습니다.
For example, words like shampoo and pajamas came from India, kangaroo and boomerang from the Aboriginal languages of Australia, and safari and gorilla from Africa.
예를 들어, 샴푸(shampoo)와 파자마(pajamas)는 인도에서, 캥거루(kangaroo)와 부메랑(boomerang)은
호주의 원주민 언어에서, 사파리(safari)와 고릴라(gorilla)는 아프리카에서 유래한 단어들입니다.
At its height, it was the largest empire in history and became the leading global power.
대영제국은 전성기 때 역사상 가장 큰 제국으로 성장하였고, 세계적인 강국이 되었습니다
By the early 20th century, the Empire held sway over 412 million people (23 percent of the world population).
20세기 초까지 제국은 4억 1,200만 명(세계 인구의 23%)에 달하는 사람들을 지배했습니다.
Commerce, science, technology, and education all contributed to English becoming the global language.
상업, 과학, 기술, 교육이 모두 영어를 글로벌 언어로 만드는 데 기여했습니다.
At the peak of its power, the British Empire was described as “the empire on which the sun never sets.”
대영제국의 권력이 절정에 달했을 때, 제국은 “해가 지지 않는 제국”으로 묘사되었습니다.
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Words & Phrases
  • aboriginal
    a. 호주 원주민의
    relating to the original people of Australia
    e.g.
    The museum has an exhibition about Aboriginal culture and history.
    그 박물관은 호주 원주민 문화와 역사에 관한 전시를 하고 있다.
  • commerce
    n. 상업, 무역
    the activity of buying and selling goods
    e.g.
    Online commerce has grown rapidly in recent years.
    온라인 상업은 최근 몇 년 동안 빠르게 성장했다.
  • contribute to
    v. ~에 기여하다
    to help cause something to happen
    e.g.
    The new dessert menu contributed to the café’s record-breaking sales.
    그 새로운 디저트 메뉴는 그 카페의 최고 매출에 기여했다.
  • peak
    n. 절정, 최고점
    the highest point or level of something
    e.g.
    Tourism reaches its peak during the summer vacation season.
    관광은 여름 휴가철에 절정에 이른다.
  • aboriginal
  • commerce
  • contribute to
  • peak
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