The Inner Circle refers to the countries where English is used as the mother tongue.
Speakers from England carried the language to North America, Australia, and New Zealand.
The Outer Circle refers to the countries where English is not the native tongue, but serves as one of the official languages.
Such countries include India, Pakistan, Singapore, Kenya, and South Africa.
The Expanding Circle consists of countries where English plays no historical or official role, but is widely used as a medium of international communication.
This includes many of the remaining countries such as Korea, China, Egypt, Norway, and Russia.
Kachru’s model helps us understand the global variations and functions of English as a language.