Historically, English is a mixture of many different languages and cultures.

When the Romans conquered Britain in 43 C.E., the native people spoke Celtic, but over time Latin became the official language of government spoken by the upper class.
Old English: The Invasions of Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings
After the Romans left Britain in 409 C.E., a savage northern tribe, the Picts, began to invade Britain.
The Celts in Britain asked the Angles and Saxons for help.

The English language begins with the arrival of the Angles and Saxons in Britain in the middle of the 5th century.

The Angles and Saxons succeeded in pushing the Picts back into the north, and then drove the native Celts to the west and called them “Wealas” (foreigners), which became “Welsh.”

By the end of the 8th century, the Angles and Saxons had finally occupied the whole of England and established seven kingdoms.
Today, we call the language brought to Britain by these Germanic tribes Old English.

Viking invaders from Denmark attacked Britain and settled along the east coast during the 9th century.
As the King of Wessex, Alfred fought fiercely against the Danish Vikings and finally made peace with the Viking ruler.

While the Viking invaders living in the Danelaw gradually learned English, they also added a lot of Danish words to the language.
Middle English: The Influence of French
In 1066, the Normans in northern France invaded and conquered England.
The Norman invasion had a huge impact on the English language, bringing thousands of French words into everyday use.

These words were largely related to law and administration (government, parliament, minister, judge, mayor), but they also included words from such fields as science (logic, anatomy), art (music, painting, tragedy), food (beef, pork, mutton) and fashion (coat, dress, fashion).

After the Conquest, French became the official language of Britain for about 300 years, but English remained the language of the ordinary people.

It was not until the late 14th century that English began to be taught in schools.
The language used from about 1100 to 1500 is today known as Middle English.
Modern English: A Mixture of Various Languages
In 1476, the printing press was introduced into England and, as a result, a large number of books came to be printed in English afterwards.

Because there were no words in English to accurately describe the new concepts, techniques, and inventions that were coming from Europe, writers began to borrow words.

Consequently, besides French, Italian, and Spanish words, many Greek and Latin words entered English.
These words are often long and contrast with their shorter Anglo-Saxon words.

Read All 해석

The History of English
영어의 역사
Historically, English is a mixture of many different languages and cultures.
역사적으로 영어는 여러 다른 언어와 문화의 혼합물입니다.
When the Romans conquered Britain in 43 C.E., the native people spoke Celtic, but over time Latin became the official language of government spoken by the upper class.
로마인들이 서기 43년에 영국을 침략했을 때, 원주민들은 켈트어를 사용했지만 시간이 지나면서 라틴어가
상류층이 사용하는 정부의 공식 언어가 되었습니다.
Old English: The Invasions of Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings
고대 영어: 앵글로색슨족과 바이킹족의 침입
After the Romans left Britain in 409 C.E., a savage northern tribe, the Picts, began to invade Britain.
로마인들이 서기 409년에 영국을 떠난 후, 북쪽의 야만 부족인 픽트족이 영국을 침략하기 시작했습니다.
The Celts in Britain asked the Angles and Saxons for help.
영국에 있는 켈트족은 앵글족과 색슨족에게 도움을 요청했습니다.
The English language begins with the arrival of the Angles and Saxons in Britain in the middle of the 5th century.
영어는 5세기 중반에 앵글족과 색슨족이 영국에 도착하면서 시작되었습니다.
The Angles and Saxons succeeded in pushing the Picts back into the north, and then drove the native Celts to the west and called them “Wealas” (foreigners), which became “Welsh.”
앵글족과 색슨족은 픽트족을 북쪽으로 몰아내는 데 성공한 후, 원주민 켈트족을 서쪽으로 몰아내고 그들을
“위알라스”(외국인) 라고 불렀는데, 이것이 “웨일스”가 되었습니다.
By the end of the 8th century, the Angles and Saxons had finally occupied the whole of England and established seven kingdoms.
8세기 말까지 앵글족과 색슨족은 마침내 잉글랜드 전역을 점령하고 일곱개의 왕국을 세웠습니다.
Today, we call the language brought to Britain by these Germanic tribes Old English.
오늘날 우리는 이 게르만 부족들이 영국에 가져온 언어를 고대 영어라고 부릅니다.
Viking invaders from Denmark attacked Britain and settled along the east coast during the 9th century.
9세기 동안 덴마크에서 온 바이킹 침략자들이 영국을 공격하고 동쪽 해안에 정착했습니다.
As the King of Wessex, Alfred fought fiercely against the Danish Vikings and finally made peace with the Viking ruler.
웨식스의 왕인 알프레드는 덴마크 바이킹과 치열하게 싸운 끝에 바이킹 통치자와 평화를 이루었습니다.
While the Viking invaders living in the Danelaw gradually learned English, they also added a lot of Danish words to the language.
데인로에 거주하는 바이킹 침략자들이 점차 영어를 배우는 동안, 그들은 또한 많은 덴마크어 단어를 언어에
추가했습니다.
Middle English: The Influence of French
중세의 영어: 프랑스어의 영향
In 1066, the Normans in northern France invaded and conquered England.
1066년에 북부 프랑스의 노르만족이 영국을 침략하여 정복했습니다.
The Norman invasion had a huge impact on the English language, bringing thousands of French words into everyday use.
노르만 침략은 영어에 큰 영향을 미쳐 수천 개의 프랑스어 단어가 일상적으로 사용되게 되었습니다.
These words were largely related to law and administration (government, parliament, minister, judge, mayor), but they also included words from such fields as science (logic, anatomy), art (music, painting, tragedy), food (beef, pork, mutton) and fashion (coat, dress, fashion).
이러한 단어들은 주로 법과 행정(정부, 의회, 장관, 판사, 시장)과 관련이 있었지만, 과학(논리, 해부학), 예술(음악,
회화, 비극), 음식(소고기, 돼지고기, 양고기), 패션(코트, 드레스, 패션) 등의 분야에서도 단어들이 포함되었습니다.
After the Conquest, French became the official language of Britain for about 300 years, but English remained the language of the ordinary people.
정복 이후에는 프랑스어가 영국의 공식 언어로 약 300년 동안 사용되었지만, 영어는 일반 사람들의 언어로
남았습니다.
It was not until the late 14th century that English began to be taught in schools.
영어가 학교에서 가르쳐지기 시작한 것은 14세기 후반 이후였습니다.
The language used from about 1100 to 1500 is today known as Middle English.
약 1100년부터 1500년 사이에 사용된 언어는 오늘날 중세 영어로 알려져 있습니다.
Modern English: A Mixture of Various Languages
현대 영어: 다양한 언어의 혼합물
In 1476, the printing press was introduced into England and, as a result, a large number of books came to be printed in English afterwards.
1476년에 인쇄기가 영국에 소개되었고, 결과적으로 이후에는 영어로 많은 책들이 인쇄되게 되었습니다.
Because there were no words in English to accurately describe the new concepts, techniques, and inventions that were coming from Europe, writers began to borrow words.
유럽에서 들어온 새로운 개념, 기술 및 발명품을 정확하게 설명할 수 있는 영어 단어가 없었기 때문에, 작가들은
단어를 차용해 사용하기 시작했습니다.
Consequently, besides French, Italian, and Spanish words, many Greek and Latin words entered English.
결과적으로, 프랑스어, 이탈리아어, 스페인어 외에도 많은 그리스어와 라틴어 단어가 영어로 들어오게 되었습니다.
These words are often long and contrast with their shorter Anglo-Saxon words.
이러한 단어들은 종종 길어서 짧은 앵글로색슨어 단어와 대조적입니다.
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KEY WORDS
  • testament
    n. 증거, 입증
    clear proof that something exists or is true
    e.g.
    The long lines for the new game are a testament to its popularity.
    그 새 게임을 사기 위해 길게 늘어선 줄은 그 게임의 인기를 보여 주는 증거이다.
  • deceased
    a. 사라진, 이미 존재하지 않는
    no longer existing because it ended in the past
    e.g.
    The ancient city is a reminder of a deceased civilization that once thrived there.
    그 고대 도시는 한때 그곳에서 번성했던 사라진 문명의 흔적을 보여 준다.
  • civilization
    n. 문명
    an advanced human society with developed culture and technology
    e.g.
    Ancient civilizations built great cities, systems of writing, and impressive monuments.
    고대 문명은 거대한 도시와 문자 체계, 인상적인 기념물을 만들었다.
  • contemporary
    a. 현대의, 동시대의
    belonging to the present time
    e.g.
    Many young artists combine traditional themes with contemporary styles in their work.
    많은 젊은 예술가들은 자신의 작품에서 전통적인 주제와 현대적인 양식을 결합한다.
  • frontage
    n. 건물의 정면
    the front part of a building that faces a street
    e.g.
    The museum has a beautiful stone frontage facing the main square.
    그 박물관은 중앙 광장을 향한 아름다운 석조 정면을 가지고 있다.
  • debris
    n. 잔해, 파편
    broken pieces of something such as buildings, rocks, or woo
    e.g.
    Workers cleared debris from the old buildings before starting the new construction project.
    노동자들은 새 건설 공사를 시작하기 전에 오래된 건물의 잔해를 치웠다.
  • preservation
    n. 보존, 보호
    the act of making sure that a situation continues without changing
    e.g.
    The old street was restored for the preservation of the city's cultural identity.
    그 오래된 거리는 그 도시의 문화적 정체성 보존을 위해 복원되었다.
  • artifact
    n. 유물
    an object such as a tool, weapon etc that was made in the past and is historically important
    e.g.
    The museum displays ancient artifacts from many civilizations.
    그 박물관은 여러 문명의 고대 유물을 전시한다.
  • continuation
    n. 연속, 지속
    something that continues or follows something else that has happened before, without a stop or change
    e.g.
    The new K-drama is a continuation of the story that fans loved last year.
    그 새 한국 드라마는 팬들이 지난해 좋아했던 이야기의 연속이다.
  • forward-thinking
    a. 진보적인, 미래지향적인
    thinking about new ideas and the future
    e.g.
    The school is known for its forward-thinking approach to cultural education.
    그 학교는 문화 교육에 대한 진보적인 접근으로 유명하다.
  • testament
  • deceased
  • civilization
  • contemporary
  • frontage
  • debris
  • preservation
  • artifact
  • continuation
  • forward-thinking
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