Single-Source Reading
Paragraph 2
In the past, knowledge was passed down directly by the spoken word.
The credibility of the speaker, not what was said, was the measure of trustworthiness.
When the printing press introduced books as a means of knowledge transfer and written materials became more prevalent, readers had to develop new critical evaluation skills.
However, they were often limited to a single source to evaluate the writer’s credibility, arguments, and logic.
This type of analysis can be described as “vertical reading.”
trans
transfer
transform
translate
The credibility of the speaker, not what was said, was the measure of trustworthiness.

The credibility of the speaker가 문장의 주어이며, 동사는 was이다.

The credibility of the speaker를 강조하기 위해 뒤에 not what was said(말해진 것이 아니라)가 대조되었다.

When the printing press introduced books as a means of knowledge transfer and written materials became more prevalent, readers had to develop new critical evaluation skills.

as a means of는 관용구로 ‘~의 수단으로서’라는 의미이다.

When절 안에서 접속사 and가 두 가지 절 the printing press introduced books as a means of knowledge transfer와 written materials became more prevalent를 연결하고 있다.

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Single-Source Reading
단일 출처 읽기
In the past, knowledge was passed down directly by the spoken word.
과거에는 지식이 구어의 형태로 직접적으로 전달되었다.
The credibility of the speaker, not what was said, was the measure of trustworthiness.
발화된 내용이 아닌, 화자의 신뢰도가 그 신뢰성의 척도였다.
When the printing press introduced books as a means of knowledge transfer and written materials became more prevalent, readers had to develop new critical evaluation skills.
인쇄기가 지식 전달의 수단으로 책을 등장시키고 문서 자료가 더 보급되었을 때, 독자들은 새로운 비판적 평가
능력을 개발해야 했다.
However, they were often limited to a single source to evaluate the writer’s credibility, arguments, and logic.
그러나 그들은 종종 글쓴이의 신뢰성, 주장, 논리를 평가하는 데에 하나의 출처에만 의존하는 경우가 많았다.
This type of analysis can be described as “vertical reading.”
이러한 분석 유형은 ‘세로 읽기’로 표현될 수 있다.
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